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NEW QUESTION 145
Unfortunately. most of the (i)_________suburbia comes from metropolitan critics who glimpse it only fleethigly. Accustomed to the more structured forms of the city, they see only visual (ii)_________. And failing to recognize the interactions customary in an urban setting in the social and community life of suburbanites, they see social (iii)_________and miss the real diversity and richness.
- A. development
- B. chaos
- C. practices
- D. appreciation of
- E. enhancements
- F. analysis of
- G. encroachment on
- H. analogies
Answer: E,F,H
NEW QUESTION 146 
- A. The quantities are equal;
- B. The quantity in Column A is greater;
- C. The quantity in Column B is greater;
- D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In Quantity A, divide by subtracting the denominator exponent from the numerator exponent:
In Quantity B, combine by adding exponents: . You
can now see that Quantity A equals Quantity B.
NEW QUESTION 147
Economists use two competing models to describe the effects of commercial advertising-advertising as market competition and advertising as market power. The market competition model holds that the fundamental function of advertising is to provide information about products and brands. It is argued that information in ads permits greater marketplace efficiencies, such as lower prices and reduced monopoly power. In a similar vein, much discussion regarding political advertising has rested on its informational value Does political advertising provide political information and help voters make informed decisions'1 Nelson argues that promoting bars of soap in commercial ads is no different than promoting political ideas ideology from political candidates in political ads. on the grounds that information is being distributed m both cases.
Others, such as Ferguson and Jamieson, disagree with Nelson's proposition Ferguson, for example, pointed out that choosing a political candidate is more like buying an experience good (where the quality is hard to evaluate prior to purchase) rather than a search good (where the quality is easily evaluated before the purchase). According to Ferguson, claims in political ads do not have true informational value, because it is difficult for voters to draw inferences about the future deeds of a candidate from what the ads say Furthermore.
Jamieson argues that political ads reshape the public image of political candidates and change voters' feelings about the candidates with subtle emotional cues but without substantive information upon which to base a reasoned judgment.
The passage implies that Ferguson and Jamieson agree that political advertising
- A. has only a temporary effect on the public images of candidates
- B. Is largely ineffective at promoting particular candidates
- C. cannot be relied upon by voters who want to make informed decisions
- D. focuses primarily on the communication of subtle emotional cues
- E. misleads voters about the beliefs and future actions of candidates
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 148
A certain strain of bacteria called lyngbya majuscula, an ancient ancestor of modern-day algae, is making a comeback in ocean waters just off the world's most industrialized coastal regions. This primitive bacteria has survived for nearly three billion years due to a variety of survival mechanisms. It can produce its own fertilizer by pulling nitrogen out of the air; it relies on a different spectrum of light than algae do, allowing it to thrive even in deep, murky waters; and when it dies and decays, it releases its own nitrogen and phosphorous, on which the next generation of lyngbya feeds. Lyngbya emits more than one hundred different toxins harmful to other ocean life as well as to humans. Commercial fishermen and divers who come in contact with the bacteria frequently complain of skin rashes and respiratory problems, which can keep these workers off the job for months at a time. The bacteria further disrupts local economies by blocking sunlight to sea grasses that attract fish and other sea life. Scientists attribute the modern-day reappearance of lyngbya, and the resulting problems, chiefly to nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich sewage partially processed at wastewater treatment plants and pumped into rivers that feed coastal ocean waters.
According to passage, the lyngbya majuscula strain
I. depends largely on nitrogen and phosphorous as nutrients
II. can harm other ocean life as a result of its high toxicity
III. thrives mainly in waters where algae is largely absent
- A. I and II only
- B. I, II, and III
- C. III only
- D. I only
- E. II and III only
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Nowhere in the passage does the author discuss algae, except to state (in the first sentence) that lyngbya is an ancestor of modern-day algae.
NEW QUESTION 149 
In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in the circle and line segment AC is a diameter of the circle. The measure of angle BCD is v degrees, and the measure of angle BAD is v degrees. What is the value of y in terms of x?
- A. 180-2x
- B. 360-2x
- C. 90+x
- D. 2x
- E. 180 -x
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 150
The Andean cordillera is made up of many interwoven mountain ranges, which include high intermontane plateaus, basins, and valleys. The Northern Andes contain several broad ecosystems falling into four altitudinal belts. Its northern subregion is distinguished by higher humidity and by greater climatic symmetry between eastern and western flanks. The Central Andes are characterized by a succession of agricultural zones with varied climatic conditions along the mountains' flanks and by large, highaltitude plateaus, variously called puna or altiplano, which do not occur in the Northern Andes. The soil fertility of the northern altiplano is generally good. The western Central Andean ranges are relatively arid with desert- like soils, whereas the eastern ranges are more humid and have more diverse soils. The eastern slopes of the Central Andes in many ways are similar to the wet forests of the Northern Andes. Unlike the Northern Andes, however, these slopes have a dry season. In regions of gentle topography, such as the Amazon basin, regional climatic variation can be determined from a few widely spaced measurements. Regional projections in the Andean cordillera are quite difficult by comparison. For example, while air temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude, variability of mountain topography can produce much lower than expected air temperatures. Nevertheless, some general climatic patterns are discernible. For example, with increasing distance south of the equator the seasonality of precipitation increases, whereas the total annual amount generally decreases. Humidity commonly increases with increasing altitude, but only to some intermediate altitude, above which it declines. The variability of mountain terrain also affects precipitation, such that conditions of extreme wetness and aridity may exist in close proximity. Related to this temperature gradient is a pattern of greater rainfall at the valley heads, and less rain at lower altitudes, resulting in part from mountain rainshadow effect. The weather patterns of the Andean cordillera and Amazon basin in general reflect movements of highand low-pressure cells associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a low-pressure trough that moves further north and south on a seasonal basis.
Precipitation is high throughout the year in the highlands and on the coast in the Northern Andes. Coastal aridity increases south of central Ecuador, culminating in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. In the Central Andes, highland precipitation is seasonal, and amounts are approximately half those measured in the Northern Andes. The aridity of the Central Andean coastal zone is the result of the drying effect of the cold Pacific Humboldt current and the southern Pacific high-pressure cell. Much of the southern portion of the Central Andes in Bolivia is also arid. The dry season causes soil moisture deficits and diminished stream flow part of each year.
It can be inferred from the passage that air temperatures in the Andean cordillera are often "lower than expected" (line 39) probably due to wide variations in
- A. prevailing wind direction
- B. mountain elevation
- C. air pressure
- D. aridity
- E. precipitation levels
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The passage points out that while air temperature generally decreases as altitude increases, "variability of mountain topography" - i.e., dramatic changes in elevation - makes it difficult to determine temperature in any given spot from widely spaced measurements. It can be reasonably inferred from this information that an unexpected temperature would probably be the result of unexpected altitude.
NEW QUESTION 151
One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family. Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia.
Perhaps the best - known claimant was Anastasia
Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled Anastasia and questioned her about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's family. Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried her into RomaniA. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the Czar's relatives, exservants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
Witnesses ___ that all members of the Czar's family had been executed.
- A. answer not stated
- B. convinced some
- C. gave assurance
- D. thought
- E. hoped
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 152
ENTICE : REPEL
- A. officiate : preside
- B. implore : entreat
- C. germinate : sprout
- D. flourish : fade
- E. lubricate : grease
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 153
Sensationalism-the purveyance of emotionally charged content. focused mainly on violent crime, to a broad public-has often been decried, but the full history of the phenomenon has yet to be written. Scholars have tended to dismiss sensationalism as unworthy of serious study, based on two pervasive though somewhat incompatible assumptions: first, that sensationalism is essentially a commercial product, built on the exploitation of modern mass media, and second, that it appeals almost entirely to a simple, basic emotion and thus has little history apart from the changing technological means of spreading it. An exploration of sensationalism's early history, however, challenges both assumptions and suggests that they have tended to obscure the complexity and historicity of the genre.
In the context in which it appears, "charged" most nearly means
- A. admonished
- B. electrified
- C. fraught
- D. accused
- E. attacked
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 154
SHUN : DISAPPROVAL ::
- A. study : studiousness
- B. nap : relaxation
- C. envy : ambition
- D. give : greed
- E. lie : insecurity
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is a "symptom, sign, or manifestation" analogy. To SHUN is to avoid or ignore. One who expresses DISAPPROVAL of the behavior of another might show that disapproval by shunning the other person. So shunning is one possible sign of disapproval (but not a defining characteristic of it). Similarly, a nap a possible sign of relaxation (but not a defining characteristic of it).
NEW QUESTION 155
SPARK : CONFLAGRATION ::
- A. sugar : sweetness
- B. match : light
- C. yeast : fermentation
- D. drizzle : downpour
- E. volcano : eruption
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is a "degree of" analogy. A SPARK is a very small fire, while a CONFLAGRATION is a very large fire.
The relationship is one of degree. Similarly, a drizzle is a very light rain, while a downpour is very heavy rain.
NEW QUESTION 156
Mathematicians have sometimes acknowledged that_________is a requirement for creativity: for example.
Poincare described explicitly a time when he experienced an insight after an incubation period, a period during which the unconscious mind was at work.
- A. collaboration
- B. preparation
- C. motivation assistance
- D. intelligence
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 157
Although its gray text blocks and black-and-white illustrations give it a sober mien, this one-stop resource can take the place of a dozen less_________texts.
- A. educational
- B. comprehensive
- C. appealing
- D. exhaustive
- E. original
- F. interesting
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION 158
Female Australian Dunalothrips [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all panics. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
The author suggests which of the following about the "reduction of energy use"?
- A. It may help insects to regulate egg production in groups that reach a certain population density.
- B. Its magnitude is most likely smaller than suggested by some early research studies on insect reproduction.
- C. It may be beneficial enough to insects to offset a decrease in per capita egg production.
- D. Its negative consequences for insect eggs and larvae are outweighed by other, more advantageous effects.
- E. It has been shown to occur primarily in species of insects that live in arid climates.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 159
Though mathematics is________, like language, it has its roots in the mud of everyday embodied experience: one such root is counting.
- A. theoretical
- B. essential
- C. abstract
- D. prescriptive
- E. indispensable
- F. functional
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION 160 
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- C. Quantity B is greater.
- D. Quantity A is greater.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 161
"Old woman," grumbled the burly white man who had just heard Sojourner Truth speak, "do you think your talk about slavery does any good? I don't care any more for your talk than I do for the bite of a flea." The tall, imposing black woman turned her piercing eyes on him. "Perhaps not," she answered, "but I'll keep you scratching." The little incident of the 1840s sums up all that Sojourner Truth was: utterly dedicated to spreading her message, afraid of no one, forceful and witty in speech. Yet forty years earlier, who could have suspected that a spindly slave girl growing up in a damp cellar in upstate New York would become one of the most remarkable women in American history? Her name then was Isabella (many slaves had no last names), and by the time she was fourteen she had seen both parents die of cold and hunger. She herself had been sold several times. By 1827, when New York freed its slaves, she had married and borne five children. The first hint of Isabella's fighting spirit came soon afterwards, when her youngest son was illegally seized and sold. She marched to the courthouse and badgered officials until her son was returned to her. In 1843, inspired by religion, she changed her name to Sojourner (meaning "one who stays briefly") Truth, and, with only pennies in her purse, set out to preach against slavery. From New England to Minnesota she trekked, gaining a reputation for her plain but powerful and moving words. Incredibly, despite being black and female (only white males were expected to be public speakers), she drew thousands to town halls, tents, and churches to hear her powerful, deep-voiced pleas on equality for blacks-and for women. Often she had to face threatening hoodlums. Once she stood before armed bullies and sang a hymn to them. Awed by her courage and her commanding presence, they sheepishly retreated. During the Civil War she cared for homeless ex-slaves in Washington. President Lincoln invited her to the White House to bestow praise on her. Later, she petitioned Congress to help former slaves get land in the West. Even in her old age, she forced the city of Washington to integrate its trolley cars so that black and white could ride together. Shortly before her death at eighty-six, she was asked what kept her going. "I think of the great things," replied Sojourner.
When New York freed its slaves, Isabella had ...
- A. problems
- B. no children
- C. five children
- D. three children
- E. an education
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 162
Recent research has questioned the long-standing view of pearly mussels as exclusively suspension feeders (animals that strain suspended particles from water) that subsist on phytoplankton (mostly algae). Early studies of mussel feeding were based on analyses of gut contents, a method that has three weaknesses. First, material in mucus-bound gut contents is difficult to identify and quantify. Second, material found in the gut may pass undigested out of the mussel, not contributing to its nutrition. Finally, examination of gut contents offers limited insight into the mechanisms and behaviors by which mussels acquire food. Modem studies suggest that pearly mussels feed on more than just algae and may use other means than suspension feeding. Pedal feeding (sweeping up edible material with a muscular structure called the foot) has been observed in juvenile pearly mussels.
Besides the phytoplankton pearly mussels capture from the water column, their guts also contain small animals, protozoans, and detritus (nonliving particulate organic material). Recent studies show that mussels can capture and assimilate bacteria as well, a potentially important source of food in many fresh waters.
Another potential source of food for mussels is dissolved organic matter. Early studies showing that pearly mussels could take up simple organic compounds were largely discounted because such labile (unstable) compounds are rarely abundant in nature. Nevertheless, recent work on other bivalves suggests that dissolved organic matter may be a significant source of nutrition.
Of this complex mix of materials that pearly mussels acquire, what is actually required and assimilated?
Stable-isotope analyses of mussels taken from nature and of captive-reared mussels are beginning to offer some insight into this question. Nichols and Garling showed that pearly mussels in a small river were omnivorous, subsisting mainly on particles less than 2S micrometers in diameter, including algae, detritus, and bacteria. Bacterially derived carbon was apparently the primary source of soft-tissue carbon. However, bacteria alone cannot support mussel growth, because they lack the necessary long-chain fatty acids and sterols and are deficient in some amino acids. Bacteria may supplement other food resources, provide growth factors, or be the primary food In habitats such as headwater streams, where phytoplankton is scarce. Juvenile mussels have been most successfully reared m the laboratory on diets containing algae high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it appears that the pearly mussel diet in nature may consist of algae, bacteria, detritus, and small animals and that at least some algae and bacteria may be required as a source of essential biochemicals.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the research findings of Nichols and Garling?
- A. They shed light on a puzzling phenomenon detailed in the second paragraph.
- B. They demonstrate the importance to pearly mussels of long-chain fatty acids.
- C. They suggest that pearly mussels are unable to assimilate bacteria.
- D. They contradict the long-standing view mentioned at the beginning of the passage.
- E. They are based on analyses of gut contents of pearly mussels.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 163
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