2025 Valid ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Real Exam Questions, practice ISO 27001 [Q162-Q182]

2025 Valid ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Real Exam Questions, practice ISO 27001

Latest Success Metrics For Actual ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam (Updated 280 Questions)

PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor certification exam is intended for those individuals who have a thorough understanding of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, which outlines requirements for an ISMS. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor exam is designed for professionals who have experience in information security management and auditing, and who are seeking to enhance their skills and knowledge in this area. PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor exam certification exam provides a comprehensive assessment of the candidate's ability to conduct ISMS audits, evaluate the effectiveness of the system, and identify areas for improvement.

 

NEW QUESTION # 162
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader. You are providing an introduction to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 to a class of Quality Management System Auditors who are seeking to retrain to enable them to carry out information security management system audits.
You ask them which of the following characteristics of information does an information security management system seek to preserve?
Which three answers should they provide?

• A. Accessibility
• B. Clarity
• C. Importance
• D. Confidentiality
• E. Efficiency
• F. Completeness
• G. Availability
• H. Integrity

Answer: D,G,H

Explanation:
Explanation
These three characteristics are the fundamental properties of information security, as defined by the ISO/IEC
27000 standard, which provides the overview and vocabulary of information security, cybersecurity, and privacy protection12. They are also the basis for the information security objectives and controls of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving an information security management system34. The definitions of these characteristics are as follows12:
*Availability: The property of being accessible and usable upon demand by an authorized entity.
*Confidentiality: The property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes.
*Integrity: The property of safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information and processing methods.
The other characteristics listed in the question, such as clarity, accessibility, completeness, importance, and efficiency, are not directly related to information security, although they may be relevant for other aspects of information management, such as quality, usability, or performance.
References: = 1: ISO/IEC 27000:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Overview and vocabulary, clause 32: ISO/IEC 27000:2022 (en), Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Overview and vocabulary13: ISO/IEC
27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 6.24: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 (en), Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements1

NEW QUESTION # 163
Review the following statements and determine which two are false:

• A. Due to confidentiality and security concerns, screen sharing during a virtual audit is one method by which the audit team can review the auditee's documentation
• B. Conducting a technology check in advance of a virtual audit can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the audit
• C. The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is determined by the auditee's availability
• D. The selection of onsite, virtual or combination audits should take into consideration historical performance and previous audit results
• E. During a virtual audit, auditees participating in interviews are strongly recommended to keep their webcam enabled
• F. Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do not require additional training for virtual audits, as there are no significant differences in the skillset required

Answer: C,F

Explanation:
Explanation
The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is not determined by the auditee's availability, but by the audit program, which considers the audit scope, objectives, criteria, risks, and resources12. The auditee's availability is only one factor that affects the audit planning and scheduling, but not the audit duration3.
Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do require additional training for virtual audits, as there are significant differences in the skillset required. Virtual audits pose different challenges and opportunities than onsite audits, such as communication, technology, security, and evidence collection4 . Auditors need to be familiar with the tools and techniques for conducting remote audits, as well as the ethical and professional behavior expected in a virtual environment . References:
* PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 18
* ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 5.3.2
* ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.3.1
* Deloitte - Conducting a Virtual Internal Audit, page 1
* [A Guide to Conducting Effective and Efficient Remote Audits], page 1
* [ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems], clause 7.2.3
* [Remote Auditing Best Practices & Checklist for Regulatory Compliance], page 1

NEW QUESTION # 164
Scenario 7: Lawsy is a leading law firm with offices in New Jersey and New York City. It has over 50 attorneys offering sophisticated legal services to clients in business and commercial law, intellectual property, banking, and financial services. They believe they have a comfortable position in the market thanks to their commitment to implement information security best practices and remain up to date with technological developments.
Lawsy has implemented, evaluated, and conducted internal audits for an ISMS rigorously for two years now.
Now, they have applied for ISO/IEC 27001 certification to ISMA, a well-known and trusted certification body.
During stage 1 audit, the audit team reviewed all the ISMS documents created during the implementation.
They also reviewed and evaluated the records from management reviews and internal audits.
Lawsy submitted records of evidence that corrective actions on nonconformities were performed when necessary, so the audit team interviewed the internal auditor. The interview validated the adequacy and frequency of the internal audits by providing detailed insight into the internal audit plan and procedures.
The audit team continued with the verification of strategic documents, including the information security policy and risk evaluation criteria. During the information security policy review, the team noticed inconsistencies between the documented information describing governance framework (i.e., the information security policy) and the procedures.
Although the employees were allowed to take the laptops outside the workplace, Lawsy did not have procedures in place regarding the use of laptops in such cases. The policy only provided general information about the use of laptops. The company relied on employees' common knowledge to protect the confidentiality and integrity of information stored in the laptops. This issue was documented in the stage 1 audit report.
Upon completing stage 1 audit, the audit team leader prepared the audit plan, which addressed the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and procedures.
During stage 2 audit, the audit team interviewed the information security manager, who drafted the information security policy. He justified the Issue identified in stage 1 by stating that Lawsy conducts mandatory information security training and awareness sessions every three months.
Following the interview, the audit team examined 15 employee training records (out of 50) and concluded that Lawsy meets requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 related to training and awareness. To support this conclusion, they photocopied the examined employee training records.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on scenario 7, what should Lawsy do prior to the initiation of stage 2 audit?

• A. Review and confirm the audit plan with the certification body
• B. Perform a quality review of audit findings from stage 1 audit
• C. Define which audit test plans can be combined to verify compliance

Answer: A

Explanation:
Prior to the initiation of stage 2 audit, Lawsy should review and confirm the audit plan with the certification body. This ensures that both parties agree on the objectives, scope, and procedures for the stage 2 audit, thus aligning expectations and facilitating a smoother audit process.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems

NEW QUESTION # 165
You are carrying out your first third-party ISMS surveillance audit as an Audit Team Leader. You are presently in the auditee's data centre with another member of your audit team.
You are currently in a large room that is subdivided into several smaller rooms, each of which has a numeric combination lock and swipe card reader on the door. You notice two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorised electrical repairs.
You go to reception and ask to see the door access record for the client's suite. This indicates only one card was swiped. You ask the receptionist and they reply, "yes it's a common problem. We ask everyone to swipe their cards but with contractors especially, one tends to swipe and the rest simply 'tailgate' their way in" but we know who they are from the reception sign-in.
Based on the scenario above which one of the following actions would you now take?

• A. Raise a nonconformity against control A.5.20 'addressing information security in supplier relationships' as information security requirements have not been agreed upon with the supplier
• B. Determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas e.g. CCTV
• C. Raise an opportunity for improvement to have a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times
• D. Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.1 'security perimiters' as a secure area is not adequately protected
• E. Raise an opportunity for improvement that contractors must be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities
• F. Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' as security measures for working in secure areas have not been defined

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The best action to take in this scenario is to determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas, such as CCTV. This action is consistent with the audit principle of evidence-based approach, which requires the auditor to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1. By verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls, the auditor can assess the extent and impact of the nonconformity observed, and determine the appropriate audit finding and recommendation.
The other options are not the best actions to take in this scenario, because they are either premature or inappropriate. For example:
*Option A is inappropriate, because it is not the auditor's role to suggest specific solutions or improvements to the auditee, but rather to report the audit findings and recommendations based on the audit criteria and objectives2. A large sign in reception may not be an effective or feasible solution to address the issue of tailgating, and it may not reflect the root cause of the problem.
*Option C is premature, because it assumes that the control A.7.1 'security perimeters' is not adequately implemented, without verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls that may compensate for the observed nonconformity. The auditor should not jump to conclusions based on a single observation, but rather gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit finding3.
*Option D is premature, because it assumes that the control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' is not adequately implemented, without verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls that may compensate for the observed nonconformity. The auditor should not jump to conclusions based on a single observation, but rather gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit finding3.
*Option E is inappropriate, because it is not related to the observed nonconformity, which is about the access control to secure areas, not the information security requirements agreed upon with the supplier. The auditor should not raise a nonconformity based on irrelevant or incorrect audit criteria4.
*Option F is inappropriate, because it is not the auditor's role to suggest specific solutions or improvements to the auditee, but rather to report the audit findings and recommendations based on the audit criteria and objectives2. Requiring contractors to be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities may not be an effective or feasible solution to address the issue of tailgating, and it may not reflect the root cause of the problem.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 5.2; 2: ISO 19011:2018, 6.6; 3: ISO 19011:2018, 6.2; 4: ISO 19011:2018,
6.3; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018

NEW QUESTION # 166
Scenario 2: Knight is an electronics company from Northern California, US that develops video game consoles. Knight has more than 300 employees worldwide. On the fifth anniversary of their establishment, they have decided to deliver the G-Console, a new generation video game console aimed for worldwide markets. G-Console is considered to be the ultimate media machine of 2021 which will give the best gaming experience to players.
The console pack will include a pair of VR headset, two
games, and other gifts.
Over the years, the company has developed a good reputation by showing integrity, honesty, and respect toward their customers. This good reputation is one of the reasons why most passionate gamers aim to have Knight's G-console as soon as it is released in the market.
Besides being a very customer-oriented company, Knight
also gained wide recognition within the gaming industry because of the developing quality. Their prices are a bit higher than the reasonable standards allow.
Nonetheless, that is not considered an issue for most loyal customers of Knight, as their quality is top-notch.
Being one of the top video game console developers in the world, Knight is also often the center of attention for malicious activities. The company has had an operational ISMS for over a year. The ISMS scope includes all departments of Knight, except Finance and HR departments.
Recently, a number of Knight's files containing proprietary information were leaked by hackers. Knight's incident response team (IRT) immediately started to analyze every part of the system and the details of the incident.
The IRT's first suspicion was that Knight's employees used weak passwords and consequently were easily cracked by hackers who gained unauthorized access to their accounts. However, after carefully investigating the incident, the IRT determined that hackers accessed accounts by capturing the file transfer protocol (FTP) traffic.
FTP is a network protocol for transferring files between accounts. It uses clear text passwords for authentication.
Following the impact of this information security incident and with IRT's suggestion, Knight decided to replace the FTP with Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, so anyone capturing the traffic can only see encrypted data.
Following these changes, Knight conducted a risk assessment to verify that the implementation of controls had minimized the risk of similar incidents. The results of the process were approved by the ISMS project manager who claimed that the level of risk after the implementation of new controls was in accordance with the company's risk acceptance levels.
Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
FTP uses clear text passwords for authentication. This is an FTP:

• A. Vulnerability
• B. Threat
• C. Risk

Answer: A

Explanation:
The use of clear text passwords for authentication in FTP is a vulnerability because it is a weakness that can be exploited by threat actors. Clear text passwords can be intercepted easily by network sniffers or through man-in-the-middle attacks, making them a significant security risk1. References: = This explanation is consistent with the understanding of vulnerabilities within the field of information security, particularly as it relates to network protocols like FTP and their associated risks

NEW QUESTION # 167
The following are purposes of Information Security, except:

• A. Minimize Business Risk
• B. Ensure Business Continuity
• C. Increase Business Assets
• D. Maximize Return on Investment

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 168
Who is authorized to change the classification of a document?

• A. The manager of the owner of the document
• B. The owner of the document
• C. The author of the document
• D. The administrator of the document

Answer: B

Explanation:
The owner of the document is authorized to change the classification of the document. The owner of the document is the person who has the ultimate responsibility for the creation, maintenance, and protection of the document. The author of the document is not necessarily the owner of the document, as they may create the document on behalf of someone else. The administrator of the document is not authorized to change the classification of the document, as they only provide technical support for managing and storing documents. The manager of the owner of the document is not authorized to change the classification of the document, unless they are delegated by the owner or have a higher authority in the organization. Reference: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 37. : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 38. : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 39. : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 40. : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 41.

NEW QUESTION # 169
You are an experienced ISMS auditor, currently providing support to an ISMS auditor in training who is carrying out her first initial certification audit. She asks you what she should be verifying when auditing an organisation's Information Security objectives. You ask her what she has included in her audit checklist and she provides the following replies.
Which three of these responses would you cause you concern in relation to conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022?

• A. I am going to check how each Information Security objective has been communicated to those who need to be aware of it in order for the objective to be achieved
• B. I am going to check that the Information Security objectives are written down on paper so that everyone is clear on what needs to be achieved, how it will be achieved, and by when it will be achieved
• C. I am going to check that all the Information Security objectives are measurable. If they are not measurable the organisation will not be able to track progress against them
• D. I am going to check that there is a process in place to periodically revisit Information Security objectives, with a view to amending or cancelling them if circumstances necessitate this
• E. I am going to check that a completion date has been set for each objective and that there are no objectives with missing 'achieve by' dates
• F. I am going to check that the necessary budget, manpower and materials to achieve each objective has been determined
• G. I am going to check that top management have determined the Information Security objectives for the current year. If not, I will check that this task has been programmed to be completed

Answer: B,E,G

Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 6.2 requires an organization to establish information security objectives at relevant functions and levels1. The objectives should be consistent with the information security policy; measurable (if practicable) or capable of being evaluated; monitored; communicated; updated as appropriate1. Therefore, when auditing an organization's information security objectives, an ISMS auditor should verify these aspects in accordance with the audit criteria.
Three responses from the ISMS auditor in training that would cause concern in relation to conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 are:
I am going to check that top management have determined the Information Security objectives for the current year. If not, I will check that this task has been programmed to be completed: This response would cause concern because it implies that the auditor in training is not aware of the requirement to establish information security objectives at relevant functions and levels, not just at the top management level. It also implies that the auditor in training is willing to accept a delay or postponement in determining the information security objectives, which may affect the ISMS performance and effectiveness.
I am going to check that the Information Security objectives are written down on paper so that everyone is clear on what needs to be achieved, how it will be achieved, and by when it will be achieved: This response would cause concern because it implies that the auditor in training is not aware of the requirement to establish information security objectives that are measurable (if practicable) or capable of being evaluated, not just written down on paper. It also implies that the auditor in training is not aware of the flexibility and suitability of different media or formats for documenting and communicating information security objectives, such as electronic or digital records, posters, newsletters, etc.
I am going to check that a completion date has been set for each objective and that there are no objectives with missing 'achieve by' dates: This response would cause concern because it implies that the auditor in training is not aware of the requirement to establish information security objectives that are monitored, not just completed by a certain date. It also implies that the auditor in training is not aware of the possibility and necessity of updating information security objectives as appropriate, such as when changes occur in the internal or external context of the organization, or when new risks or opportunities arise.
The other responses from the ISMS auditor in training are acceptable and do not cause concern in relation to conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022. For example, checking how each Information Security objective has been communicated to those who need to be aware of it in order for the objective to be achieved is relevant to verifying the communication aspect of clause 6.2; checking that there is a process in place to periodically revisit Information Security objectives, with a view to amending or cancelling them if circumstances necessitate this is relevant to verifying the updating aspect of clause 6.2; checking that the necessary budget, manpower and materials to achieve each objective has been determined is relevant to verifying the planning aspect of clause 6.2; checking that all the Information Security objectives are measurable. If they are not measurable the organisation will not be able to track progress against them is relevant to verifying the measurability aspect of clause 6.2. Reference: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements

NEW QUESTION # 170
You are carrying out a third-party surveillance audit of a client's ISMS. You are currently in the secure storage area of the data centre where the organisation's customers are able to temporarily locate equipment coming into or going out of the site. The equipment is contained within locked cabinets and each cabinet is allocated to a single, specific client.
Out of the corner of your eye you spot movement near the external door of the storage area. This is followed by a loud noise. You ask the guide what is going on. They tell you that recent high rainfall has raised local river levels and caused an infestation of rats. The noise was a specialist pest control stunning device being triggered. You check the device in the corner and find there is a large immobile rat contained within it.
What three actions would be appropriate to take next?

• A. Raise a nonconformity against control 7.2 Physical Entry
• B. Determine whether the high levels of rainfall have had other impacts on data centre operations e.g.
  damage to infrastructure, access issues for clients, invocation of business continuity arrangements
• C. Inspect the client cabinets for signs of rodent ingress and record your findings as audit evidence
• D. Assist the guide in humanely disposing of the rat and reset the device
• E. Take no further action. This is an ISMS audit, not an environmental management system audit
• F. Check with the guide that they intend to initiate the organisation's information security incident process
• G. Raise a nonconformity against control 7.4 Physical Security monitoring
• H. Investigate whether pest infestation is an identified risk and if so, what risk treatment is to be applied

Answer: B,F,H

Explanation:
Explanation
The appropriate actions to take next are to investigate whether pest infestation is an identified risk and if so, what risk treatment is to be applied, to determine whether the high levels of rainfall have had other impacts on data centre operations, and to check with the guide that they intend to initiate the organisation's information security incident process. These actions are relevant to the ISMS audit objectives and criteria, as they relate to the organisation's risk assessment and treatment, security performance, and incident management processes.
The other actions are either not within the scope of the ISMS audit, not required by the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, or not the responsibility of the auditor. References: PECB Candidate Handbook1, page 21-22; ISO/IEC 27001:2022 (en)2, clauses 6.1, 8.2, 9.1, and 10.2.

NEW QUESTION # 171
Which two of the following are valid audit conclusions?

• A. The organisation's ISMS objectives meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022
• B. Corrective action was outstanding for two internal audits
• C. The schedule of applicability was based on the 2013 edition of ISO/IEC 27001, not the 2022 edition
• D. ISMS induction training does not provide guidance on malware prevention
• E. The risk register had not been updated since June 202X
• F. The ISMS policy has been effectively communicated to the organisation

Answer: A,F

Explanation:
The two statements that are valid audit conclusions are:
*The ISMS policy has been effectively communicated to the organisation
*The organisation's ISMS objectives meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 According to ISO 19011:2018, an audit conclusion is the outcome of an audit, provided by the audit team after considering the audit objectives and all audit findings1. An audit conclusion can be positive or negative, depending on whether the audit criteria are fulfilled or not. An audit conclusion can also include recommendations for improvement or recognition of good practices.
The statements D and E are valid audit conclusions, because they express the outcome of the audit based on the audit criteria and findings. For example:
*Statement D is a positive audit conclusion, because it indicates that the organisation has fulfilled the requirement of clause 5.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the ISMS policy must be communicated within the organisation and to relevant interested parties2. The audit team must have obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support this conclusion, such as records of communication, awareness activities, feedback, etc.
*Statement E is a positive audit conclusion, because it indicates that the organisation has fulfilled the requirement of clause 6.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must establish ISMS objectives that are consistent with the ISMS policy and relevant to the information security risks3. The audit team must have obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support this conclusion, such as records of objective setting, risk assessment, alignment with policy, etc.
The other statements are not valid audit conclusions, because they do not express the outcome of the audit based on the audit criteria and findings. They are rather examples of audit findings, which are the results of the evaluation of the collected audit evidence against the audit criteria4. Audit findings can indicate either conformity or nonconformity with the audit criteria, or opportunities for improvement. For example:
*Statement A is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause
7.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must provide information security awareness education and training to persons under its control5. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
*Statement B is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause
6.1.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must maintain and review the information security risk assessment at planned intervals or when significant changes occur6. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
*Statement C is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause
10.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must take action to eliminate the causes of nonconformities and prevent recurrence7. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
*Statement F is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause
6.1.3 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must determine the controls that are necessary to implement the risk treatment plan, and document them in the statement of applicability8. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 3.15; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.2.2; 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.2; 4: ISO
19011:2018, 3.14; 5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 7.2.2; 6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2; 7: ISO/IEC 27001:2022,
10.1; 8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.3; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO
19011:2018; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022

NEW QUESTION # 172
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader providing guidance to an ISMS auditor in training. They have been asked to carry out an assessment of external providers and have prepared a checklist containing the following activities. They have asked you to review their checklist to confirm that the actions they are proposing are appropriate.
The audit they have been invited to participate in is a third-party surveillance audit of a data centre . The data centre agent is part of a wider telecommunication group. Each data centre within the group operates its own ISMS and holds its own certificate.
Select three options that relate to ISO/IEC 27001:2022's requirements regarding external providers.

• A. I will ensure that top management have assigned roles and responsibilities for those providing external ISMS processes as well as internal ISMS processes
• B. I will ensure the organization is regularly monitoring, reviewing and evaluating external provider performance
• C. I will limit my audit activity to externally provided processes as there is no need to audit externally provided products of services
• D. I will ensure external providers have a documented process in place to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services
• E. I will check the other data centres are treated as external providers, even though they are part of the same telecommunication group
• F. I will ensure the organization is has determined the need to communicate with external providers regarding the ISMS
• G. I will ensure that the organisation has a reserve external provider for each process it has identified as critical to preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of its information
• H. I will ensure that the organisation ranks its external providers and allocates the majority of its work to those providers who are rated the highest

Answer: B,D,E

Explanation:
Explanation
* A. I will check the other data centres are treated as external providers, even though they are part of the same telecommunication group. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. Externally provided processes, products or services are those that are provided by any external party, regardless of the degree of its relationship with the organisation. Therefore, the other data centres within the same telecommunication group should be treated as external providers and subject to the same controls as any other external provider12
* B. I will ensure external providers have a documented process in place to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO
27001:2022 requires the organisation to implement appropriate contractual requirements related to information security with external providers. One of the contractual requirements could be the obligation of the external provider to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services, such as security incidents, vulnerabilities, or changes that could affect the information security of the organisation. The external provider should have a documented process in place to ensure that such notification is timely, accurate, and complete12
* E. I will ensure the organisation is regularly monitoring, reviewing and evaluating external provider performance. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to monitor, review and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the externally provided processes, products or services. The organisation should have a process in place to measure and verify the conformity and suitability of the external provider's deliverables and activities, and to provide feedback and improvement actions as necessary. The organisation should also maintain records of the monitoring, review and evaluation results12
* F. I will ensure the organisation has determined the need to communicate with external providers regarding the ISMS. This is appropriate because clause 7.4.2 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to determine the need for internal and external communications relevant to the information security management system, including the communication with external providers. The organisation should define the purpose, content, frequency, methods, and responsibilities for such communication,
* and ensure that it is consistent with the information security policy and objectives. The organisation should also retain documented information of the communication as evidence of its implementation12 The following activities are not appropriate for the assessment of external providers according to ISO
27001:2022:
* C. I will ensure that the organisation has a reserve external provider for each process it has identified as critical to preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of its information. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to have a reserve external provider for each critical process. The organisation may choose to have a contingency plan or a backup solution in case of failure or disruption of the external provider, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should assess the risks and opportunities associated with the external provider and determine the appropriate treatment options, which may or may not include having a reserve external provider12
* D. I will limit my audit activity to externally provided processes as there is no need to audit externally provided products or services. This is not appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to control the externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system. Externally provided products or services may include software, hardware, data, or cloud services that could affect the information security of the organisation. Therefore, the audit activity should cover both externally provided processes and products or services, as applicable12
* G. I will ensure that top management have assigned roles and responsibilities for those providing external ISMS processes as well as internal ISMS processes. This is not appropriate because clause 5.3 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the top management to assign the roles and responsibilities for the information security management system within the organisation, not for the external providers. The external providers are responsible for assigning their own roles and responsibilities for the processes, products or services they provide to the organisation. The organisation should ensure that the external providers have adequate competence and awareness for their roles and responsibilities, and that they are contractually bound to comply with the information security requirements of the organisation12
* H. I will ensure that the organisation ranks its external providers and allocates the majority of its work to those providers who are rated the highest. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to rank its external providers or to allocate its work based on such ranking. The organisation may choose to evaluate and compare the performance and effectiveness of its external providers, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should select and use its external providers based on the information security criteria and objectives that are relevant to the organisation12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2

NEW QUESTION # 173
You are performing an ISMS audit at a European-based residential nursing home called ABC that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to verify the effectiveness of the continual improvement process.
During the audit, you learned most of the residents' family members (90%) receive WeCare medical devices promotion advertisements through email and SMS once a week via ABC's healthcare mobile app. All of them do not agree on the use of the collected personal data for marketing or any other purposes than nursing and medical care on the signed service agreement with ABC. They have very strong reason to believe that ABC is leaking residents' and family members' personal information to a non-relevant third party and they have filed complaints.
The Service Manager says that, after investigation, all these complaints have been treated as nonconformities.
The corrective actions have been planned and implemented according to the nonconformity and corrective management procedure (Document reference ID: ISMS_L2_10.1, version 1).
You write a nonconformity which you will follow up on later. Select the words that best complete the sentence:

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation
One possible way to complete the sentence is:
"When reviewing the effectiveness of action taken in response to a nonconformity, an auditor seeks evidence of change that will prevent recurrence of the issue." According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, the organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness of the ISMS by evaluating the performance and the effectiveness of the ISMS, ensuring that the policy and objectives are aligned with the strategic direction of the organization, and taking actions to achieve the intended outcomes of the ISMS. One of the ways to achieve continual improvement is to identify and correct nonconformities and take actions to eliminate their causes and prevent their recurrence.
Therefore, when reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective actions, an auditor should look for evidence that the organization has analyzed the root cause of the nonconformity, implemented appropriate changes to the ISMS, and verified that the changes have resulted in the desired improvement and prevented the recurrence of the issue. References: =
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, Nonconformity and corrective action
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.2, Continual improvement
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 19, Audit Process
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 21, Audit Findings

NEW QUESTION # 174
Who is responsible for Initial asset allocation to the user/custodian of the assets?

• A. Asset Practitioner
• B. Asset Stakeholder
• C. Asset Owner
• D. Asset Manager

Answer: C

Explanation:
The asset owner is responsible for initial asset allocation to the user or custodian of the assets. The asset owner is a person or entity that has been assigned the responsibility for managing and protecting the asset throughout its lifecycle. The asset owner should ensure that the user or custodian of the assets has the appropriate authorization, competence and awareness to use or handle the assets securely. The asset owner should also monitor and review the use or custody of the assets and update or revoke the allocation as needed. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to assign owners to all assets within the scope of the information security management system (see clause A.8.1.2). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is an Asset Owner?

NEW QUESTION # 175
Availability means

• A. Service should be accessible at the required time and usable by all
• B. Service should not be accessible when required
• C. Service should be accessible at the required time and usable only by the authorized entity

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 176
You are the audit team leader conducting a third-party audit of an online insurance organisation. During Stage
1, you found that the organisation took a very cautious risk approach and included all the information security controls in ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Appendix A in their Statement of Applicability.
During the Stage 2 audit, your audit team found that there was no evidence of the implementation of the three controls (5.3 Segregation of duties, 6.1 Screening, 7.12 Cabling security) shown in the extract from the Statement of Applicability. No risk treatment plan was found.

Select three options for the actions you would expect the auditee to take in response to a nonconformity against clause 6.1.3.e of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.

• A. Undertake a survey of customers to find out if the controls are needed by them.
• B. Revisit the risk assessment process relating to the three controls.
• C. Compile plans for the periodic assessment of the risks associated with the controls.
• D. Revise the relevant content in the Statement of Applicability to justify their exclusion.
• E. Incorporate written procedures for the controls into the organisation's Security Manual.
• F. Remove the three controls from the Statement of Applicability.
• G. Allocate responsibility for producing evidence to prove to auditors that the controls are implemented.
• H. Implement the appropriate risk treatment for each of the applicable controls.

Answer: B,D,H

Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the auditee should take the following actions in response to a nonconformity against clause 6.1.3.e of ISO/IEC 27001:20221:
* Implement the appropriate risk treatment for each of the applicable controls, as this is the main requirement of clause 6.1.3.e and the objective of the risk treatment process2.
* Revise the relevant content in the Statement of Applicability to justify their exclusion, as this is the expected output of the risk treatment process and the evidence of the risk-based decisions3.
* Revisit the risk assessment process relating to the three controls, as this is the input for the risk treatment process and the source of identifying the risks and the controls4.
The other options are not correct because:
* Allocating responsibility for producing evidence to prove to auditors that the controls are implemented is not a valid action, as the audit team already found that there was no evidence of the implementation of the three controls.
* Compiling plans for the periodic assessment of the risks associated with the controls is not a valid action, as this is part of the risk monitoring and review process, not the risk treatment process5.
* Incorporating written procedures for the controls into the organisation's Security Manual is not a valid action, as this is part of the documentation and operation of the ISMS, not the risk treatment process.
* Removing the three controls from the Statement of Applicability is not a valid action, as this is not a sufficient justification for their exclusion and does not reflect the risk treatment process.
* Undertaking a survey of customers to find out if the controls are needed by them is not a valid action, as this is not a relevant criterion for the risk assessment and treatment process, which should be based on the organisation's own context and objectives.
References: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 36, section 4.5.22:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.e3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.f4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause
6.1.25: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.2. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.5 and 8. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.d. : ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.1 and 4.2.

NEW QUESTION # 177
What is a definition of compliance?

• A. Laws, considered collectively or the process of making or enacting laws
• B. An official or authoritative instruction
• C. A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
• D. The state or fact of according with or meeting rules or standards

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
Compliance is the state or fact of according with or meeting rules or standards1. In the context of information security, compliance means adhering to the applicable laws, regulations, policies, and contractual obligations that affect the organization's information assets2. Compliance is one of the objectives of an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which requires the organization to identify and evaluate the relevant legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements that apply to its scope and operations3. References: Oxford Languages; ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.9; ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause
6.1.3.

NEW QUESTION # 178

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation
An audit finding is the result of the evaluation of the collected audit evidence against audit criteria.

NEW QUESTION # 179
Review the following statements and determine which two are false:

• A. Due to confidentiality and security concerns, screen sharing during a virtual audit is one method by which the audit team can review the auditee's documentation
• B. Conducting a technology check in advance of a virtual audit can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the audit
• C. The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is determined by the auditee's availability
• D. The selection of onsite, virtual or combination audits should take into consideration historical performance and previous audit results
• E. During a virtual audit, auditees participating in interviews are strongly recommended to keep their webcam enabled
• F. Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do not require additional training for virtual audits, as there are no significant differences in the skillset required

Answer: C,F

Explanation:
* A: Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do require additional training for virtual audits to ensure they are competent in using the technology and tools required for conducting audits remotely12.
* E: The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is not determined by the auditee's availability, but rather by factors such as the size and complexity of the organization, the scope of the audit, and the requirements of the certification body34.
References: The answers are verified based on the content and objectives of the ISMS ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor course, as well as the guidelines provided in the reference materials and documents related to the course.

NEW QUESTION # 180
You are conducting an ISMS audit. The next step in your audit plan is to verify that the organisation's information security risk treatment plan has been established and implemented properly. You decide to interview the IT security manager.
You: Can you please explain how the organisation performs its information security risk assessment and treatment process?
IT Security Manager: We follow the information security risk management procedure which generates a risk treatment plan.
Narrator: You review risk treatment plan No. 123 relating to the planned installation of an electronic (invisible) fence to improve the physical security of the nursing home. You found the risk treatment plan was approved by IT Security Manager.
You: Who is responsible for physical security risks?
IT Security Manager: The Facility Manager is responsible for the physical security risk. The IT department helps them to monitor the alarm. The Facility Manager is authorized to approve the budget for risk treatment plan No. 123.
You: What residual information security risks exist after risk treatment plan No. 123 was implemented?
IT Security Manager: There is no information for the acceptance of residual information security risks as far as I know.
You prepare your audit findings. Select three options for findings that are justified in the scenario.

• A. It is good practice to adopt state-of-the-art technology as part of the continual improvement process
• B. Nonconformity (NC) - The IT security manager should be aware of and understand his authority and area of responsibility. Clause 7.3
• C. Nonconformity (NC) - The risk treatment plan No. 123 should be approved by the risk owner, the Facility Manager in this case. Clause 6.1.3.f
• D. Nonconformity (NC) - Top management must ensure that the resources needed for the ISMS are available. Clause 5.1.c
• E. There is an opportunity for improvement (OI) once the Electronic (invisible) fence is installed.
  Residents' physical security is improved
• F. Nonconformity (NC) - The organization should provide the resources needed for the continual improvement of the ISMS. Clause 7.1
• G. There is an opportunity for improvement (OI) to conduct security checks on the perimetre fence
• H. Nonconformity (NC) - The information for the acceptance of residual information security risks should be updated after the risk treatment is implemented. Clause 6.1.3.f

Answer: B,C,H

Explanation:
Explanation
The three options for findings that are justified in the scenario are:
*Nonconformity (NC) - The information for the acceptance of residual information security risks should be updated after the risk treatment is implemented. Clause 6.1.3.f
*Nonconformity (NC) - The IT security manager should be aware of and understand his authority and area of responsibility. Clause 7.3
*Nonconformity (NC) - The risk treatment plan No. 123 should be approved by the risk owner, the Facility Manager in this case. Clause 6.1.3.f According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3.f, the organisation must retain documented information that includes the information for the acceptance of residual information security risks, and the approval of the risk treatment plan by the risk owner1. Therefore, option A and G are justified as nonconformities, because the organisation failed to update the information for the acceptance of residual risks, and the risk treatment plan was approved by the IT security manager, who is not the risk owner.
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.3, the organisation must ensure that the persons assigned to perform the roles and responsibilities for the ISMS are competent, and are aware of the consequences of not conforming to the ISMS requirements2. Therefore, option E is justified as a nonconformity, because the IT security manager, who is responsible for the information security risk management process, was not aware of his authority and area of responsibility.
The other options are not justified as findings, because they are either irrelevant or incorrect. For example:
*Option B is irrelevant, because it is not related to the information security risk treatment plan No. 123, which is the focus of the audit.
*Option C is incorrect, because it is not an opportunity for improvement, but rather a benefit of the risk treatment plan No. 123, which is already implemented.
*Option D is incorrect, because it is not a nonconformity, but rather a requirement for the organisation to provide the resources needed for the ISMS, which is not the same as the resources needed for the risk treatment plan No. 123.
*Option F is incorrect, because it is not a nonconformity, but rather a requirement for the organisation to provide the resources needed for the continual improvement of the ISMS, which is not the same as the resources needed for the risk treatment plan No. 123.
*Option H is irrelevant, because it is not a finding, but rather a good practice, which is not the objective of the audit.
References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.3.f; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 7.3; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC
27001:2022

NEW QUESTION # 181
Which of the following does an Asset Register contain? (Choose two)

• A. Asset Modifier
• B. Asset Type
• C. Asset Owner
• D. Process ID

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Explanation
An asset register is a document that contains information about the assets associated with information and information processing facilities within the scope of the information security management system. An asset register should include, among other things, the asset type and the asset owner. The asset type is a category or classification of the asset, such as hardware, software, data, document, service, etc. The asset owner is a person or entity that has been assigned the responsibility for managing and protecting the asset throughout its lifecycle. The asset type and the asset owner are important information for identifying and controlling the assets, as well as for performing risk assessments and applying security controls. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to maintain an inventory of assets within the scope of the information security management system (see clause A.8.1.1). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is an Asset Register?

NEW QUESTION # 182
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PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor exam is an important certification for individuals who work in the information security field. It demonstrates a high level of knowledge and skill in information security management and auditing, and can help individuals advance their careers in this growing and important field.

 

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